Objective To investigate the compliance and its influencing factors of patients with schizophrenia. Methods The psychological data of antipsychotic drugs were evaluated in the form ofsemi-structured interview after 3 weeks of hospitalization by Rating of Medication Influence Scale （ROMI）. The relevance of demographic data and clinical data were evaluated，and the impact of ROMI factors on compliance was predicted. Results The demographic factors（age，education，working status，supervision，payment）and clinical factors （type of medication，duration of disease，number of hospitalizations）were not associated with ROMI score（P＞0.05）. While drug side effects and ROMI non-compliance scores were positively correlated （P＜0.05）. Patients followed the instructions of experts，felt the benefits of drugs on daily life，feared of recurrence，familymembers or friends had a positive opinion on the use of drugs play an important role among the factors（P＜0.01）. Patients considered that the side effects of drugs were more moderate，the drug could help achieve person-al goals and had a good relationship with medical staff play an important role in impact factors（P＜ 0.01）. Conclusions Drug side effects are common factors that affect medication compliance. Following the instructions of the expert，feel the benefits of the drug to the daily life，fear of recurrence，family or friends have a positive opinion on taking the drug are more greater factors which affect medication compliance.