Objective To explore the relationship between neurosurgeon’s work pressure and job burnout， and to explore the mediating effects of perceived social support on the relationship between neurosurgeon’s work pressure and job burnout. Methods A total of 100 neurosurgery doctors from five hospitals of Hubei Province were investigated by the scale for occupational stressors on clinician and perceived social support scale. Results Work pressure， emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores of the neurosurgeons with high perceived social support were lower than those of the neurosurgeons with low perceived social support (P ＜ 0.05). It was showed that work pressure of neurosurgeon was negatively correlated with both perceived social support and sense of personal achievement， and positively related with both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The perceived social support was positively related with sense of personal achievement， and negatively related with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The perceived social support had a mediating effect between neurosurgeon’s work pressure and job burnout. Conclusions Perceived social support plays an important intermediary role between work pressure and job burnout， so improving perceived social support can relieve neurosurgeon’s work pressure and reduce the feeling of job burnout.