Depression seriously affects people's physical and mental health， and its pathogenesis involves neurotransmitter disorder， endocrine， inflammation， oxidative stress and so on. In recent years， the study of depression in the inflammatory immune system has been increasing. NLRP3 inflammatory body plays an important role in the immune system function. This article reviews the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammatory body in the pathogenesis of depression， and provides a new reference for the diagnosis and treatment of depression.