Obsessive-compulsive disorder（ OCD） is a refractory mental illness with complicated etiology. The application of imaging technology in mental illness is more extensive， and plays an increasingly important role in exploring the pathogenesis of OCD. Studies have found abnormal functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex and subcortical structures of patients with OCD through functional magnetic resonance imaging（ fMRI）. OCD is a heterogeneous disease， therefore different neural circuits may mediate different obsessive compulsive symptoms. This paper is to analyze the research progress of OCD in recent years from the perspective of the pathogenesis of the brain， and to review he current research on the pathogenesis of OCD and its correlation with clinical symptoms.