Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma inflammatory markers and aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients. Methods A total of 50 schizophrenia patients and 40 ageand gender-matched healthy individuals were recruited in the study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） and Modified Overt Aggression Scale（ MOAS） were applied to assess patients' schizophrenia symptoms and aggressive behaviors. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA）. Levels of plasma inflammatory markers were compared between schizophrenics and healthy controls. Furthermore， the correlation between inflammatory cytokines and aggressive behavior was calculated by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results Levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio were significantly higher in subjects with schizophrenia compared with healthy control subjects（ P＜0.01）， while the concentration of IL-10 were lower in schizophrenia patients（ P＜ 0.01）. Schizophrenia patients with aggressive behavior had significant higher IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio than patients without aggressive behavior（ P ＜ 0.05）. IL-6 levels were positively correlated with total score and aggression against others score of MOAS（ r=0.363，P=0.010； r=0.309，P=0.029）. Plasma levels of IL-10 were inversely correlated with aggression against objects score of MOAS（ r=-0.281，P=0.048）. IL-6/IL-10 ratio was positively related to total score， aggression against objects score and aggression against others score of MOAS（ r=0.523，P＜0.01；r=0.421，P=0.002；r=0.303，P=0.033）. Conclusions Schizophrenia and aggression were associated with immune inflammatory response imbalances. IL-6， IL-10 and their ratio could be potential biomarkers for schizophrenia and aggressive behavior.