Obsessive-compulsive disorder（ OCD） is a difficult-to-treat mental disorder with uncontrollable compulsion and obsessive-compulsive behavior as the main clinical manifestations. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. A large number of genetic studies have shown that OCD is hereditary. In recent years， research on candidate genes for OCD has gradually become a hot topic， mainly including genes related to the serotonin， dopamine and glutamate transmitter systems. Serotonin includes 5-HT transporter protein gene and 5-HT receptor gene; catecholamine gene includes catecholamine oxygen methyltransferase gene， monoamine oxidase gene and dopamine receptor gene; glutamic acid gene includes glutamate transporter gene， glutamate receptor gene and SAPAP3 protein gene. The above mentioned genes and their literature associated with OCD are collated and reviewed to provide important references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.