Objective Vascular endothelial progenitor cells（ EPCs） induced in vitro were transferred into vascular endothelial growth factor（ VEGF） gene and transplanted into the hippocampus of Alzheimer disease （AD） model rats. To observe the reconstruction of blood vessels and the improvement of endothelial cell function in this area and adjacent areas， so as to provide basis for the treatment of AD. Methods This experiment used EPCs obtained from the bone marrow of mouse and kept in in vitro cultures. By constructing pcDNA3.1 plasmids carrying human VEGF165 gene and transfecting the EPCs， how the gene affects EPCs and its expression were observed. Using the APP/PS1 double transgenic model rats， human VEGF165 gene transfected EPCs was implanted into model rat's brain， to observe rat's behavioral differences， Aβ protein amounts， and blood vessel formation. Results After implanting EPCs transfected with VEGF gene into the hippocampus of mice， the animals were tested on 4， 5 and 6 d. The average latency was significantly shorter than that in the control group （P ＜ 0.05）. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the control group and the EPCs group， the content of Aβ in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of EPCs+VEGF group decreased significantly， and the number of CD34 positive cells in hippocampus were higher（ P＜ 0.01）. Conclusions By implanting EPCs+VEGF into brains of mice， the memory ability of mice can be found to be enhanced， which may be related to the promotion of angiogenesis and the clearance of Aβ protein.