Guillain-Barré syndrome（ GBS） is an autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy which mainly damages most of the spinal roots and peripheral nerves and also affects the cranial nerves. The exact cause of GBS is unknown. Previous studies have shown that immune cells and their cytokines occupy an important position in the pathogenesis of GBS. In recent years， researchers have made new discoveries on the relationship between them through further studies. This article will elaborate on this.