Objective To explore the correlation of the polymorhisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（ BDNF） gene rs2030324 and rs11030101 with the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods A total of 200 patients with schizophrenia from Qiqihar Mental Health Center（ case group） and 200 healthy controls（ control group） were recruited from January 2017 to January 2018. Five milliliters of venous blood was extracted from each study object to extract genomic DNA. Primers were designed for the upstream and downstream of rs2030324 and rs11030101. PCR amplification was performed to compare the gene frequency distribution and genotype distribution of two loci between the two groups. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale（ PANSS） in the case group， and the correlation between PANSS score and different genotypes was analyzed. Results The frequency distribution and genotype distribution of rs2030324 and rs11030101 had statistical significance（ P＜ 0.05） between the two groups. The A alleles at the two sites were all susceptible to schizophrenia， with OR values of 1.532 and 1.391，95%CI（ 1.154-2.034） and（ 1.027-1.883）， respectively. Patients with rs11030101 AT genotype were associated with PANSS negative symptom score， and patients with AT genotype had the highest negative symptom score. Conclusions The polymorphisms of BDNF gene rs2030324 and rs11030101 are correlated with the incidence of schizophrenia in the Han population， and the alleles A of both sites may be the susceptible alleles of the onset of schizophrenia. rs11030101 polymorphism may affect the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia.