Schizophrenia is a common mental illnesses with aspects of obstacles such as thinking， perception， emotion and behavior. The physiological pathology and etiology process is complex， and demyelinating mechanism has attracted more and more attention. Understanding the mechanism of schizophrenia demyelinating lesions is conducive to the fundamental treatment and prevention of schizophrenia. This paper is a summary of the mechanism of schizophrenia-related demyelinating lesions from the three aspects of oligodendrocytes， neurotransmitter and neuroinflammation， so as to explore the influence of demyelination on the pathological process of schizophrenia and to find the new therapeutic direction.