Objective To evaluate the effects of rehabilitation combined with erythropoietin（ EPO） on nerve repair and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein（ GFAP） in rats with cerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 30 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups- model group and EPO group and training group， with 10 rats in each group. The cerebral hemorrhage model was established in the three groups. After 24 hours of modeling， rats in the EPO group and the training group were given intraperitoneal injection of EPO， the rats in the training group were also given rehabilitation training， and the model group were injected with the same amount of saline as the amount of EPO the EPO group and the training group received. The rats' nerve repair and hippocampal GFAP expression situation were observed and detected. Results All rats were successfully modeled， the Tarlov scores of the EPO group and the training group at 7 d， 14 d and 28 d after modeling were higher than those of the model group（ P ＜ 0.05）， with the training group significantly higher than the EPO group（ P＜0.05）. At 28 days after modelling， the brain water content， serum IL-6 and TNF-α values， and the relative expression levels of GFAP protein in hippocampus were significantly lower in the EPO group and the training group than in the model group（ P＜0.05）， with the training group lower than the EPO group（ P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The combination of rehabilitation training and erythropoietin in rats with cerebral hemorrhage can inhibit the expression of GFAP in hippocampus and the release of serum inflammatory factors， reduce brain edema， and promote the restoration of normal nerve function.