The cognitive processing model of patients with social anxiety disorder has always been a hot topic of research. The attention bias， explanation bias， memory bias and post-processing in the process can cause and reinforce the symptoms of social anxiety. Many cognitive intervention methods are derived based on this model. Therefore， this paper summarizes the existing different cognitive intervention methods and their possible biological mechanism studies to elaborate the causes of the efficacy of cognitive intervention. This paper may also provide a new idea for better research and treatment of social anxiety disorder in the future.