Objective To assess the prevalence of migraine in the medical students， and to explore the risk factors for migraine. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of undergraduates in the School of Medicine， Hebei North University， from April to May 2019. The ID Migraine TM quick screening tool was used to evaluate medical students migraine symptoms. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale （PSQI） was used to evaluate participants' sleep quality. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for migraine. Results Totals of 1 365 effective questionnaires were recovered， with an effective recovery rate of 92.4% （1 365/1 477）. The overall incidence of migraine was 10.8% （147/1 365）， significantly higher in women than in men （13.1% vs 7.8%， χ2 =12.07，P=0.001）. The results of univariate analysis showed that women with migraine （χ2 =12.07，P=0.001）， family history of migraine （χ2 =62.58，P ＜ 0.01） and poor sleep quality （χ2 =9.29，P=0.002） were significantly higher than those without migraine. The prevalence of migraine was different among medical students in different grades （χ2 =12.59，P=0.013）， the highest in grade four （14.2%，38/268）， the second in grade five （13.6%，31/228）， and the lowest in grade three （7.0%，20/287）. Multivariate analysis showed that female （OR=1.78，95%CI： 1.33-2.38）， family history of migraine （OR=3.31， 95%CI： 1.89-5.77）， and poor sleep quality （OR=1.94， 95%CI： 1.57-2.38） were positively associated with migraine. Senior medical students （fourth grade： OR=2.18， 95%CI： 1.54-3.09; fifth grade： OR=1.87， 95%CI： 1.39-2.52） were at higher risk for migraine. Conclusions This study found that female， higher grade， family history of migraine and poor sleep quality were risk factors for migraine in medical students， which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of migraine in Chinese medical students in the future.