Objective To analyze the clinical data and explore the related factors affecting the hospitalization time of children with acute cerebellar ataxia （ACA）. Methods A total of 48 children with ACA who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from July 2017 to December 2019 were included retrospectively. Clinical data were collected and followed up， including general situation， past history， etiology， clinical symptoms， auxiliary examination， treatment plan， sequelae and so on. The factors affecting hospitalization time were analyzed by single factor and multi factor analysis methods. Results After infection， acute cerebellar ataxia was found in 35 （72.9%） of 48 children. The most common infection was respiratory tract infection. The infection time was 4-20 days， with an average of （9.0±3.0） days. There were 22 cases （45.8%） with previous intestinal operation history. All patients were treated with glucocorticoid and followed up for 2 to 6 months. All 48 patients recovered completely. Age （t=-4.359，P ＜ 0.001）， previous operation history （t=-2.173，P ＜ 0.05）， duration of symptoms before admission （t=-4.469，P ＜ 0.001）， fever and other infections at admission （t=-3.363，P＜ 0.05）， severe clinical symptoms （t=-4.415，P＜ 0.001）， cerebrospinal fluid changes （t=-3.853，P ＜ 0.001）， imaging changes （t=-6.609，P ＜ 0.001）， EEG changes （t=-5.139， P ＜ 0.001） and immunoglobulin therapy （t=-9.777， P ＜ 0.001） had significant effect on the time of hospitalization， with statistical significance. Among them， the duration of symptoms before admission （95%CI： 0.009-2.554， t=2.039，P ＜ 0.05） and immunoglobulin treatment （95%CI： 2.582-5.971，t=5.109， P ＜ 0.001） were independent factors. Conclusions The duration of symptoms before admission and the application of immunoglobulin were the influencing factors of the hospitalization time of children with acute cerebellar ataxia.