Objective To explore the application effect of case-based learning（ CBL） method in standardized training of residents in epilepsy learning compared with conventional education mode. Methods A total of 50 residents who rotated in the Epilepsy Sub-specialty of Xuanwu Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were divided into two groups. Among them， 25 residents enrolled in 2019 were the CBL teaching group and received the CBL education mode. 25 residents enrolled in 2018 were the conventional teaching group and received conventional teaching mode. The study period of both groups lasted for 3 months. At the end， there were theoretical examination， practical examination and questionnaire survey as evaluation methods. Rusults There was no statistically significant difference in theoretical examination scores between CBL teaching group and conventional teaching group［ CBL teaching group（ 89.8±3.1）， conventional teaching group（ 89.7±2.7）；t=0.14， P=0.89］， but the practical examination scores of the CBL teaching group were significantly better than those of the conventional teaching group［ CBL teaching group（ 89.2±2.6）， conventional teaching group（ 85.1±2.3）； t=5.98，P ＜ 0.05］. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that residents who accepted CBL teaching mode had more interest in epilepsy learning， higher learning initiative and more obvious improvement of clinical thinking ability. Conclusions CBL teaching method has more advantages in the training of epilepsy subspecialist residents， which is conducive to cultivate their clinical thinking and enhance their ability of clinical diagnosis and treatment. It enables the residents to complete the tasks required by the standardized training program at a higher level， and increases their learning satisfaction.