Objective To investigate the levels of serum superoxide dismutase（ SOD）， catalase assay kit（ CAT） and total antioxidant capacity（ TAOC）， and neurocognitive function in male patients with deficit schizophrenia（ DS）， and their correlation analysis. Methods In this cross-sectional study， there were 48 DS patients， 48 NDS（ non-deficit schizophrenia） patients and 48 healthy controls（ HC） with matched issue age and education background. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA） was used to detect the levels of SOD， CAT and TAOC in the three groups. The neurocognitive function of all subjects was evaluated by digit erasure test， category fluency test， spatial span test（ SST）， connection test（ TMT）， Stroop test， and paced auditory serial addition test（ PASAT）. The correlation between serum SOD， CAT， TAOC and neurocognitive function was analyzed. Results The differences in serum SOD［ （10.47±2.40），（ 11.65±2.37），（ 13.43±1.62） U/ml］， TAOC ［（0.95±0.14），（ 1.05±0.13），（ 1.17±0.11） mmol/L］， CAT［ （14.14±4.37），（ 20.19±6.89），（ 23.55±7.28） U/ml］ among the three groups were statistically significant（ F=22.775， 35.648， 19.860； all P＜0.001）. The levels of SOD， TAOC， and CAT in DS group and NDS group were lower than those in HC group， and the DS group is the lowest. There were statistically significant differences（ all P＜0.001） among DS group， NDS group and HC group in number elimination（ time required）， category（ action， total score）， space（ anterograde， total score）， TMT-A， TMT-B， Stoop（ word， color， color word）， and PASAT（ correct， try）. DS group and NDS group were lower than HC group， especially the DS group. The levels of digital deletion（ number of omitted scratches）， category （animal） and spatial breadth（ retrograde） between DS group and NDS group were lower than those of HC group， but the differences between the two patient groups were not statistically significant（ all P＜ 0.001）. There was no statistically significant difference between NDS group， DS group， and HC group（ P=0.256；P=0.109）， while there was a statistically significant difference between DS group and HC group（ P＜0.05 or 0.01）. The levels of CAT and SOD in DS group were negatively correlated with the number of errors（ r=-0.334，P=0.020； r=-0.377， P=0.008）. SOD level was positively correlated with category（ action）（ r=0.299，P=0.039） in NDS group； TAOC level was positively correlated with Stoop（ color word）（ r=0.310，P=0.032） in NDS group. Conclusions There are oxidative stress imbalance and neurocognitive impairment in deficit schizophrenic patients. Oxidative stress may be a potential neurobiological factor leading to the pathological mechanism and neurocognitive impairment of schizophrenia.