Autism spectrum disorder（ ASD） is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders， with unclear aetiology. The core symptoms of ASD are social disorder， repetitive behaviourand limited interest. Other symptoms include cognitive disorder， perceptual disorder， anxiety and depression. Sphingosine-1-phosphate （S1P） is a degradation product of ceramide， which is abundant in brain tissue and plays an important role in brain development， regulating neuronal proliferation， differentiation， survivaland apoptosis. Evidence has shown that S1P is significantly increased in the serum of ASD children， and it is related to the clinical phenotype. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between S1P and ASD related clinical phenotypes in recent years.