Inflammatory bowel diseases（ IBD） are always accompanied by a series of neurological complications， including peripheral neuropathy， cerebrovascular diseases， demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system， migraine， etc. Recent studies demonstrated that the cognitive function of IBD patients is significantly impaired than that of healthy people. However， IBD-related cognitive impairment is little known. This review aims to explore the pathogenesis， clinical manifestation， examination and treatment strategy of IBD-related cognitive impairment， which may contribute to enhance clinicians' knowledge and understanding of these diseases， furthermore， provide a novel target and orientation for their prevention and therapy.