Objective To investigate the effect of self-made simple stereotactic instrument assisted neuroendoscopy in the treatment of basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage. Methods The surgical data of 40 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia area from January 2019 to December 2020 in the Pukou District Central Hospital of Nanjing were collected retrospectively. According to different surgical methods， they were divided into observation group （22 cases） and control group （18 cases）. Patients in the observation group underwent endoscopic simple brain stereotactic instrument to remove the hematoma； the control group underwent conventional bone flap craniotomy to remove the hematoma. The preoperative baseline data， operation time， intraoperative blood loss， hematoma clearance rate， and postoperative complications of the two groups were compared. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended （GOS-E） was used to compare the rate of good GOS-E scores of the two groups. Results The operation time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group ［（65.8±10.5） min vs （125.3±20.4） min］； blood loss of the observation group was less than that of the control group ［（50.2±10.6） ml vs （295.3±18.5） ml］； The clearance rate of hematoma of the observation group was higher than that of the control group ［（88.2±3.8）% vs （70.3±5.6）%］； The differences were statistically significant （All P＜ 0.01）. The rate of good GOS-E score at 3 months after operation was higher than that of the control group ［72.7% （16/22） vs 7/18］， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups ［13.6%（3/22） vs 3/18；P＞ 0.05］. Conclusions Compared with conventional craniotomy for hematoma removal， simple brain stereotactic instrument assisted neuroendoscopy for the treatment of hypertensive basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage has the advantages such as shortening the operation time， less intraoperative bleeding， high hematoma removal rate， and improving the patient's short-term prognosis.