Objective To investigate the occurrence of anxiety symptoms in patients with glioma during the perioperative period and its influence on the survival and prognosis of patients. Methods A total of 186 patients suffered from glioma who underwent surgery in Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from July 2016 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The influencing factors of perioperative anxiety were analyzed by binary Logistic regression. The progression free survival period was recorded during follow-up, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze the impact of clinical characteristics and anxiety symptoms on the progression free survival period. Results A total of 64 patients lost follow-up after operation. According to the score of HAMA, the groups included preoperative anxiety-free group (≤ 7 points, 116 cases), preoperative anxiety group (> 7 points, 70 cases), postoperative anxiety-free group (≤ 7 points, 74 cases), and postoperative anxiety group (> 7 points, 48 cases). There were 2 patients (1.08%) with obvious anxiety symptoms and 1 patient (0.54%) with severe anxiety symptoms in preoperative anxiety group. There were 2 patients (1.64%) with obvious anxiety symptoms in postoperative anxiety group. The preoperative HAMA score of female patients was higher than that of male patients, and the postoperative HAMA score of patients with tumors on the left side was higher than that of patients on the right side, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the gender of male were protective factors for preoperative anxiety of patients with glioma (OR=0.461, 95%CI=0.247-0.860, P=0.015). Kaplan Meier curve showed that the progression free survival period of patients in the preoperative anxiety group was shorter than that of patients in the anxiety free group, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.035). Multivariate Cox regression showed that gender (HR=2.980, 95%CI=1.121- 7.927, P=0.029) and preoperative HAMA score (HR=2.573, 95%CI=1.079-6.134, P=0.033) were the influencing factors for progression free survival of patients with glioma after surgery. Conclusions Female glioma patients are prone to get anxiety symptoms before surgery, and glioma patients with tumor lesions on the left side are prone to get anxiety symptoms. Preoperative anxiety has a negative effect on progressionfree survival. On the basis of paying attention to the perioperative psychological state of glioma patients, early intervention should be taken on the preoperative psychological state of high-risk patient groups according to their clinical characteristics.