Objective To explore the relationship between childhood trauma， psychological resilience and social support， and the severity of symptoms in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and depression. Methods A total of 91 first-episode schizophrenic patients and 121 first-episode depressive patients in the inpatient department and outpatient of the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2019 to January 2022 were selected as the research subjects. At the same time， a total of 110 health controls were recruited as control group from the patients for physical examination in our hospital. All subjects were assessed by Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）， Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD）， Childhood Trauma Questionnaire （CTQ）， Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC） and Social Support Rate Scale （SSRS）. Spearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the severity of symptoms of schizophrenia and depression patients and childhood trauma， psychological resilience and social support. Results The scores of PANSS， CTQ， CD-RISC and SSRS in schizophrenia group were （90.70±12.36），39 （32，46），31 （24，37） and 30 （24，34）， respectively. The scores of HAMD， CTQ， CD-RISC and SSRS in depression group were （19.60±3.92）， 37 （33，45），36 （28，42） and 31 （27， 35）， respectively. The scores of CTQ， CD-RISC and SSRS in the control group were 35 （31，40）， 44 （40，48） and 33 （27，40）， respectively. The differences of total score of CTQ and the scores of emotional neglect and physical abuse among the three groups were statistically significant （Z=13.183，8.486，10.947； P ＜ 0.05）. The differences of SSRS score， CD-RISC total score， tenacity， strength and optimism scores among the three groups were statistically significant （Z=9.586， 96.975， 63.131， 40.765， 77.894； P＜ 0.01）. The PANSS score of schizophrenia group and the HAMD score of depression group were positively correlated with the emotional neglect dimension score， the physical abuse dimension score and the total CTQ score （r=0.278，0.283，0.210， 0.248，0.272，0.209；P ＜ 0.01）. The PANSS score of schizophrenia group was negatively correlated with the total score and all dimension scores of CD-RISC， and the SSRS score （r=-0.617，-0.424，-0.471，-0.598， -0.316；P＜ 0.01）. The HAMD score of depression patients was negatively correlated with the CD-RISC total score， tenacity dimension score， optimism dimension score and SSRS score （r=-0.427，-0.235，-0.799，-0.236； P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions First-episode schizophrenic and depressive patients have experienced emotional neglect and physical abuse in childhood， and lack of resilience and social support. The severity of the disease is negatively related to resilience and social support.