Central nervous system lesions or injuries are often associated with advanced brain dysfunction， and some patients have poor efficacy in monotherapy. Therefore， there is an urgent need for new treatment methods to assist drug therapy. As a new type of neural rehabilitation technology， high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation regulates the neural activity of the cerebral cortex by acting on specific brain regions with low-intensity current through specially designed high-precision electrodes. At present， highdefinition transcranial direct current stimulation has shown varying degrees of improvement in post-stroke aphasia， disturbance of consciousness， depression， cognitive impairment after epilepsy and other advanced brain dysfunction diseases. This article takes the principle and mechanism of action as the starting point， and combines domestic and foreign research results to summarize the research on high-precision transcranial direct current stimulation and its clinical application in advanced brain dysfunction， aiming to provide a basis for future development