Chemerin is a multifunctional adipokine mainly synthesized and released by adipocytes and liver tissue. It is initially secreted as an inactive precursor and has biological activity after a series of proteases for hydrolysis and cleavage. Chemerin mainly binds to its receptor CMKLR1 and participates in various pathological and physiological processes such as immune inflammation， lipid metabolism， and angiogenesis. There is growing evidence that Chemerin and its receptor are widely expressed in the nervous system and have complex biological regulatory effects， including anti-apoptosis， regulation of immune inflammatory response， promotion of clearance of abnormal deposition proteins， and regulation of tumor occurrence and development. This article elaborates on the structures， biological functions， and roles in nervous system diseases of Chemerin， aiming to provide ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of nervous system diseases.