Objective To identify the risk factors of poor swallowing function recovery in stroke patients by Meta-analysis. Methods The system searched for relevant studies on the factors affecting the recovery of swallowing disorders in stroke patients published on China National Knowledge Infrastructure， Wanfang Database， VIP， China Biomedical Literature Database， PubMed， Cochrane Library， and Embase Database as of December 2022. The included literature was subjected to Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4.1 software. Results A total of 22 studies were included， with a sample size of 4 248 cases. The Meta-analysis results showed that age ≥ 70 years （OR=1.53， 95%CI：1.29-1.80）， National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） score ≥ 8 （OR=2.36， 95%CI：1.53-3.63）， Modified Rankin Scale （mRS） score ＞ 0 （OR=1.71， 95%CI： 1.40-2.09）， bilateral stroke （OR=4.85， 95%CI：2.62-8.97）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL） level ≥ 3 mg/L （OR=3.70， 95%CI：2.46-5.56）， cognitive impairment （OR=6.23， 95%CI：0.98- 39.58）， aspiration （OR=4.47， 95%CI：3.28-6.11）， and tracheal intubation （OR=2.70， 95%CI：1.58-4.63） are risk factors for poor swallowing function recovery in stroke patients （P＜ 0.05）. Body Mass Index （BMI） ＞ 18.5 kg/m2 （OR=0.76， 95%CI：0.67-0.86）， Barthel index （BI）＞ 60 （OR=0.37， 95%CI：0.22-0.62）， and Functional Independence Assessment （FIM） score ＞ 20 （OR=0.96， 95%CI：0.94-0.99） are protective factors for poor swallowing function recovery in stroke patients （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Older age， higher NIHSS score， bilateral infarction， lower BMI， higher mRS score， lower BI， lower FIM score， higher LDL， cognitive disorder， aspiration， intubation duration are risk factors for poor swallowing function recovery in stroke patients. Clinical management measures for swallowing disorder patients can be improved by combining these influencing factors.