Primary insomnia （PI） is a common sleep disorder， and its neuropathological mechanisms are not yet clear. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （rs-fMRI） is one of the powerful methods for studying the neuropathological mechanisms of PI. This article summarizes the current research on rs-fMRI in PI patients from two perspectives of local brain regions and brain networks， so as to provide a theoretical and research basis for further exploring the neuropathological mechanisms of PI.