Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of verbascoside （VB） on the brain of Parkinson's disease （PD） model mice and its possible mechanism. Methods A total of 75 C57/BL mice （SPF grade， healthy male， 24-26 g） were randomly divided into blank control group， model group （MPTP group）， and experimental group （low dose group： MPTP+30 mg/kg VB； medium dose group： MPTP+60 mg/kg VB； high dose group： MPTP+120 mg/kg VB）， with 15 mice in each group. After the establishment of the model， the movement ability of mice in different groups was detected by rod climbing and hanging experiments； dopaminergic neurons were detected by ultramicroelectron microscopy； the number of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） positive cells was detected by immunohistochemical staining； the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）， α-synuclein （α-syn），nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） signaling pathway related proteins was detected by Western blotting； glutathione， total iron ion， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde in brain tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The time of rod climbing experiment of mice in model group was significantly longer than that of blank control group， the time of rod climbing experiment of mice in experimental group was significantly shorter than that of model group， with statistical significance （P＜ 0.05）； the score of hanging experiment of mice in model group was lower than that of blank control group， the score of hanging experiment of mice in experimental group was higher than that of model group， with statistical significance （P ＜ 0.05）. The degeneration and necrosis of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of the midbrain of mice in the model group （MPTP group） were more obvious than those in the experimental group under electron microscope； immunohistochemical staining experiment showed that the number of TH positive cells in the model group was much lower than that in the blank control group， the number of TH positive cells in the experimental group was much higher than that in the model group， with statistical significance （P＜ 0.05）. Western blotting experiment showed that the expression of TH， Nrf2， HO-1， and GPX4 in the model group was lower than that in the blank control group， the expression of TH， Nrf2， HO-1， and GPX4 in the experimental group was higher than that in the model group， with statistical significance （P ＜ 0.05）； the expression of α-syn in the model group was higher than that in the blank control group， the expression of α-syn in the experimental group was lower than that in the model group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The results of ELISA showed that the expression of glutathione and SOD in the model group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group， the expression of glutathione and SOD in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the model group， with statistical significance （P＜ 0.05）； the expression of malondialdehyde and total iron ions in the model group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group， the expression of malondialdehyde and total iron ions in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the model group， with statistical significance （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Verminoside may play a protective role by inhibiting iron death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease model mice