Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children， with a global prevalence rate of 5.29%. The correlation between the onset of ADHD and neuroinflammatory response is gradually being confirmed. Abnormal active neuroinflammatory responses are commonly present in patients with ADHD. This paper reviews the potential mechanisms of neuroinflammatory response in the pathogenesis of ADHD， with a focus on the association among changes in inflammatory factor levels， abnormal activation of glial cells， and changes in blood-brain barrier permeability with ADHD， so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.