The clinical manifestations of anxiety disorders are complex， and there is currently a lack of neurobiological indicators related to diagnosis and efficacy prediction. Electroencephalogram （EEG） is a non-invasive neurophysiological detection tool with high temporal resolution， which can reflect the temporal progression of cognitive impairment in anxiety disorders. This article reviews the relevant research on the temporal， frequency， and functional connectivity EEG characteristics of anxiety disorders， exploring the cognitive processing abnormalities of anxiety disorders from top-down and bottom-up. The aim of this review was to provide reference for further clarifying the neuropsychological mechanisms of anxiety disorders and exploring objective neurobiological indicators related to the prediction， diagnosis， and prognosis of anxiety disorders.