多模式CT指导下超时间窗进展性缺血性脑卒中患者血管内治疗疗效的分析
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2022 年韶关市卫生健康科研计划项目(Y22075)


Therapeutic effect of endovascular therapy for patients with progressive ischemic stroke beyond time window guided by multimodal CT
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    摘要:

    目的 评价多模式电子计算机体层扫描(CT)指导下超时间窗进展性缺血性脑卒中患者行 血管内治疗的疗效。方法 选取2021年10月—2023年10月于粤北人民医院神经内科住院的发病时间> 8 h 的 412 例急性进展性前循环缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象。入选患者均予以多模式 CT 评估,存在 低灌注区与核心梗死区不匹配,比值> 1.8。按是否行脑血管病介入治疗将其分为研究组(脑血管介入 治疗组)及对照组(保守治疗组)。采用卡方检验评价两组患者的症状性脑出血、严重并发症发生率及死 亡率。采用重复测量方差分析和独立样本t检验分析两组患者治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量 表(NIHSS)评分、改良 Rankin 量表(mRS)评分及治疗后 90 d 的 Barthel 指数(BI)、良好预后率等,同时评 价研究组的手术疗效及存在的风险等。结果 剔除血管未能开通或术后血管再次闭塞患者 24 例,最终 纳入 388 例患者,其中研究组 134 例,对照组 254 例。研究组的血管再通率为 85.0%(134/158),手术操作 相关并发症包括动脉夹层、血管破裂、异位栓塞等,发生率为 6.72% (9/134)。研究组的重症肺炎发生率 为 23.88%(32/134),低于对照组的 35.04%(89/254);研究组的气管切开率为 8.96%(12/134),低于对照组的 16.93%(43/254);研究组的症状性脑出血发生率为 9.70%(13/134),高于对照组的 1.57%(4/254);研究组的 脑疝及大面积脑梗死发生率为 31.34%(42/134),低于对照组的 59.84%(152/254),差异均有统计学意义(均 P< 0.05)。研究组死亡 / 自动出院率为 8.21%(11/134),低于对照组的 15.35%(39/254),差异有统计学意义 (P< 0.05)。研究组 24 h 及 2 周、90 d 的 NIHSS 评分分别为(10.51±3.27)、(8.57±1.39)、(5.39±1.32)分, 均低于对照组的(19.57±1.35)、(12.30±2.35)、(9.39±2.37)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P< 0.05)。治 疗 90 d 后,研究组的 mRS 评分为(1.54±0.46)分,低于对照组的(3.19±0.57)分,研究组的 BI 指数为 (71.56±12.43)分,高于对照组的(57.23±10.37)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P< 0.05)。研究组 90 d 后的预后良好(mRS ≤ 2 分)率为 38.81%(52/134),高于对照组的 27.17%(69/254),差异有统计学意义 (χ2 =5.539,P< 0.05)。结论 多模式 CT 指导下超时间窗前循环进展性缺血性脑卒中患者血管内治疗存 在一定的症状性脑出血风险,但在多模式CT指导下及时给予血管开通可降低患者的不良预后率及死亡 率,减轻患者神经功能缺损,提高生活指数,改善预后。

    Abstract:

    Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endovascular therapy in patients with progressive ischemic stroke beyond time window under the guidance of multimodal computed tomography (CT). Methods From October 2021 to October 2023, 412 patients with acute progressive anterior circulation ischemic stroke and onset time of more than 8 hours in Department of Neurology of Yuebei People's Hospital were selected as participants. All selected patients underwent multimodal CT evaluation, and there was a mismatch between the low perfusion area and the core infarction area, with a ratio greater than 1.8. The patients were divided into a study group (cerebral vascular intervention treatment group) and a control group (conservative treatment group) based on whether they received interventional treatment for cerebrovascular disease. Chi square test was used to evaluate the incidence of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage, severe complications, and mortality in two groups of patients. Repeated measures analysis of variance and independent sample t-test were used to analyze the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, Barthel Index (BI) scores at 90 days after treatment, and good prognosis rate of two groups of patients before and after treatment. The surgical efficacy and risks of study group were also evaluated. Results After excluding 24 patients with failed vessel reperfusion or postoperative vessel occlusion, a total of 388 patients were included, including 134 in study group and 254 in control group. The vascular recanalization rate of study group was 85.0% (134/158), and the incidence of surgical complications including arterial dissection, vascular rupture, and ectopic embolism was 6.72%(9/134). In study group, the incidence of severe pneumonia was 23.88%(32/134), which was lower than the 35.04%(89/254) in control group, and the tracheotomy rate was 8.96%(12/134), lower than the control group's 16.93%(43/254), and the incidence of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage was 9.70%(13/134), which was higher than the control group's 1.57%(4/254), and the incidence of cerebral herniation and large area cerebral infarction was 31.34%(42/134), which was lower than the 59.84% (152/254) in control group, and the above differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The rate of automatic discharge and death of study group was 8.21%(11/134), which was lower than the 15.35%(39/254) of control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The NIHSS scores of study group at 24 hours, two weeks, and 90 days were (10.51±3.27), (8.57±1.39), (5.39±1.32), respectively, all lower than those of control group (19.57±1.35), (12.30±2.35), and (9.39±2.37), and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). After 90 days of treatment, the mRS score of study group was (1.54±0.46), which was lower than that of control group (3.19±0.57), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The BI score of study group was (71.56±12.43), which was higher than that of control group (57.23±10.37), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The good prognosis (mRS ≤ 2) rate of study group after 90 days was 38.81%(52/134), which was higher than control group's 27.17%(69/254), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =5.539,P< 0.05). Conclusions Under the guidance of multimodal CT, there is a certain risk of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage in patients with acute progressive anterior circulation ischemic stroke beyond time window undergoing endovascular therapy. However, timely blood vessel reperfusion under the guidance of multimodal CT can reduce the poor prognosis and mortality of patients, alleviate neurological deficits, improve activities of daily living and prognosis.

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罗政,张涛涛,郭骏辉,马己才,李雪莲,陈俊斌.多模式CT指导下超时间窗进展性缺血性脑卒中患者血管内治疗疗效的分析[J].神经疾病与精神卫生,2024,24(10):740-746
DOI :10.3969/j. issn.1009-6574.2024.10.009.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-11-12