Insomnia is the most common sleep problem， with a high prevalence among the general population and a gradual trend towards younger age groups. Dimdazenil is a novel sleep medication that belongs to the category of partial GABAA-R agonists. By selectively acting on the alpha 1 subunit of GABAA-R， it exerts sedative and hypnotic effects while reducing adverse reactions caused by complete agonists. In addition， the elimination half-life of Dimdazenil is 3-4 hours， and the risk of tolerance and residual adverse reactions is also reduced. As of now， the Phase Ⅰ - Ⅲ clinical trials of this drug have been completed， all of which have shown its good efficacy and safety， and have great prospects in the treatment of insomnia. This article mainly elaborates on the pharmacological mechanism and three-stage clinical research of Dimdazenil in the treatment of insomnia.