Objective To explore the differences in leukocyte inflammatory pathway and antioxidant pathway related protein expression levels from patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorder. Methods From December 2021 to December 2023， 20 patients with schizophrenia （schizophrenia group）， 20 patients with depressive disorder （depressive disorder group） of the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of Xi'an Chang'an Hospital and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University， and 20 healthy people in the Physical Examination Center （healthy control group） were selected as subjects of the study. Venous blood was collected from the three groups of study subjects and centrifuged to collect leukocyte precipitates. Western blotting was used to detect leukocyte inflammatory pathway related proteins ［interleukin-1 receptor antagonist （IL-1Ra）， extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 （Erk1/2）， nuclear factor-κappaB （NF-κB）， P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （P38 MAPK）］ and antioxidant pathway related proteins ［heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， nuclear factor red lineage 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 （Keap1）， superoxide dismutase 1 （SOD1）］. protein （HO-1）， nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， and gene superoxide dismutase 1 （SOD1）］ levels. Results The differences in the expression levels of IL-1Ra， P38 MAPK， Erk1/2， HO-1， Nrf2， SOD1， were statistically significant in the three groups （all P ＜ 0.05）. The differences in NF-κB and Keap1 expression levels were not statistically significant （all P ＞ 0.05）. Two-by-two comparisons showed that compared with healthy control group， IL-1Ra and HO-1 expression levels were decreased in depressive disorder group （t=7.33，4.88， all P＜ 0.01）， and the expression levels of P38 MAPK and Erk1/2 were elevated （t=4.51， 4.47； all P ＜ 0.05）， and in schizophrenia group， IL-1Ra， HO-1， Nrf2， and SOD1 expression levels were decreased （t=10.93， 6.65， 4.70， and 3.24； all P ＜ 0.05）， and P38 MAPK expression levels were increased （t=4.27， P＜ 0.01）. Compared with depressive disorder group， schizophrenia group showed a decreased IL-1Ra expression level， and the difference was statistical difference （t=4.10， P＜ 0.01）. Conclusions Differences in the expression levels of leukocyte inflammatory （IL-1Ra， Erk1/2， P38 MAPK） and antioxidant pathway related proteins （HO-1， Nrf2， SOD1） are found in healthy populations， schizophrenia， and depressive disorder