Objective To explore the curative effect of drug therapy and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) on patients with symptomatic cerebral artery stenosis retrospectively. Methods Patients who met the standards of moderate to severe cerebral artery stenosis according to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were involved. The endpoint events during and beyond hospitalization were analysed. Results (1)Totals of 421 patients， including 256 patients who underwent PTAS and 165 patients who only received drug therapy were included. There were significant differences on primary and serious (disable or fatal) endpoint events between two groups［ 28(10.94%) vs 2(1.21%)， 16(6.25%)vs 0， P＜0.01］. (2)A total of 60 patients received drug with PTAS and 46 patients received drug therapy only were followed up after hospitalization. There was significant difference on primary endpoint events between two groups［5(8.33%) vs 10(21.74%)， P=0.05］. No significant difference was found in serious endpoint events between［ 2(3.33%) vs 6(13.04%)， P＞ 0.05］. Conclusions The perioperative complications of PTAS are high. For long-term benefits， drug therapy combined with PTAS can effectively prevent the occurrence of stroke in the territory of pathological artery.