Objective To investigate the characteristics of neurobiochemical metabolites in the forebrain of patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia and their correlation with cognitive function. Methods The study group included 33 patients（ 19 males and 14 females） of the first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients. The control group recruited 33 healthy adults（ 14 males and 19 females） who met the inclusion criteria. The levels of N-acetyl aspartate（ NAA）， choline complex（ Cho）， creatine（ Cr） in the left prefrontal and thalamus were measured by hydrogen-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（ 1H-MRS） The level of complex（ Cr） and phosphorylated creatine complex（ Cr2）， and calculate the NAA/Cr value， Cho/Cr value， Cr2/Cr value， NAA/Cho value. The Cognitive Function was evaluated by a Graphic Recognition Memory （PRM） test module in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Complete Test（ CANTAB）. Results The Cr2 / Cr value（ 1.15±0.87） in the left frontal lobe of the study group was higher than that in the control group （0.72±0.46）， and the difference was statistically difference（ P＜0.05）. There were no significant differences in NAA/Cr value， Cho/Cr value， NAA/Cho value， and NAA/Cho value， Cho/Cr value， Cr2/Cr value， NAA/Cho value（ P＞ 0.05）. The correct rate of PRM in CANTAB cognitive test was lower in patients（ 82.81±15.44）% than in controls（ 95.20±6.26）%， with significant difference（ P ＜ 0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the PRM correct rate was negatively correlated with the left frontal lobe Cho/Cr value（ r=-0.424，P＜0.05） and positively correlated with the left prefrontal NAA/Cho value（ r=0.473，P ＜ 0.01）. PANSS total score was positively correlated with the left frontal lobe NAA/Cr value（ r=0.538，P ＜ 0.01） and positively correlated with the left prefrontal Cho/Cr value（ r=0.450，P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusions The left frontal lobe part of the neurobiochemical metabolites were lower than the normal control group， suggesting that patients with firstepisode schizophrenia neuronal cell membrane phosphorylation before treatment appeared abnormal. Correlation analysis further confirmed that the cognitive function of patients with first-episode schizophrenia before medication was correlated with the presence of prefrontal-related brain function.