With the continuous development of neuroimaging research in schizophrenia， the neurotransmitters related to the etiology of schizophrenia are also deepening. As an important complement to the etiology of schizophrenia， glutamate plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This article mainly introduces the basic principles of magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy and the research progress on analyzing glutamatergic levels in the brain of first-episode schizophrenic patients.