Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of alpha-asarone to affect learning and memory skills of lithium chloride pilocarpine induced Epileptic Rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： normal saline group， epilepsy group， and alpha-asarone group. Lithium chloride pilocarpine injection were applied to induce rat epilepsy models. The rats of the alpha-asarone group were given alphaasarone 28 days before modeling. Water maze was used to detect the spatial learning and memory ability of the SD rats. Western blot technique was used to detect the expressions of PI3K， Akt and mTOR proteins of hippocampus in lithium chloride pilocarpine induced epileptic rats．RT-PCR technique was used to detect the expressions of PI3K， Akt and mTOR mRNA of hippocampus in lithium chloride pilocarpine induced epileptic rats. Results Water maze test result showed that alpha-asarone can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of the SD rats. The expression of PI3K， Akt and mTOR proteins decreased obviously in epilepsy group compared with those in saline group（ P＜ 0.05）. The expressions of PI3K， Akt and mTOR proteins increased obviously in alpha-asarone group compared with those in epilepsy group（ P＜0.05）. The results of RT-PCR technique showed that the expressions of PI3K， p-Akt and mTOR mRNA decreased obviously in epilepsy group compared with those in saline group（ P＜0.05）， and the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt mRNA increased obviously in alpha-asarone group compared with those in epilepsy group（ P＜0.05）. Conclusions Alpha-asarone can improves learning and memory of lithium chloride pilocarpine induced epileptic rats， and the molecular mechanism maybe related to up-regulation of the expressions of PI3K， Akt and mTOR proteins and mRNA.