Objective To investigate the spatial characteristics of cerebral blood flow in female patients with first-episode schizophrenia by Stroop's near infrared spectroscopy（ NIRS）. Methods A total of 9 female first-episode schizophrenic patients consecutively admitted in the Department of Acute Intervention of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were recruited as the observation group. At the same time， 9 healthy controls matched in age and education level were enrolled as the control group. Taking Stroop test as the paradigm， NIRS was detected for 74 s， and the data of NIRS was recorded. The first 10 s was set as the baseline period， and the last 64 s was the task period. The average oxyhemoglobin（ OxyHb） level relative to the baseline period is calculated， and the spatial characteristics of NIRS are analyzed. The observation group was treated with olanzapine［ average dose（ 17.78±2.92） mg/d］ for 4 weeks， and NIRS was detected before and after treatment respectively， and the control group was detected once. Results The average OxyHb value（ mmol/L） of the channels 17 and 18 of the patients before treatment were 0.02（ -0.02， 0.18） and（ 0.04（ -0.07， 4.11）， which were significantly higher than those of the control group［ -0.22（ -0.33， 0.04） and -0.35（ -0.69， -0.02）］. While the OxyHb of channel 20 of the patients before treatment was -0.17（ -0.32，0）， which was significantly lower than that of the control group［ 0.08（ -0.08， 0.34）］. All the differences were statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. After treatment， the OxyHb of channels 17， 18 and 20 of the patients were［ -0.05（ -0.21，0.04）］，［ -0.10（ -0.24，0.01）］ and［ -0.02（ -0.21，0.11）］， with no significant differences from the control group（ P＞0.05）. Conclusions There was negative activation in the middle area of the right abdomen and positive activation inleft middle ventrolateral area of prefrontal lobe in the patient group before treatment， which was improved after treatment.