Objective To explore the moderating effect of childhood abuse on the relationship between emotion reactivity and suicide risk in patients with mood disorders， and to provide scientific guidance for suicide prevention and intervention in patients with mood disorders. Methods A total of 323 patients with mood disorders［ mean age（ 30.01±11.85） years］ enrolled in Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University and Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were investigated by the Emotion Reactivity Scale（ ERS， including emotional sensitivity， emotional intensity， emotional persistence）， the abuse & neglect subscale of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire（ ACE-IQ）， and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised（ SBQ-R）. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between emotion reactivity and suicide risk in patients with mood disorder， and then multiple linear regression analysis was used. Stepwise regression method was used to screen variables in the model. The mediating effect of childhood abuse on emotion reactivity and suicide risk was tested by using a mediating model with mediating variables as categorical variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the moderating role of childhood abuse in the relationship between emotion reactivity and suicide risk. Results The differences in scores of emotional sensitivity， emotional intensity， emotional persistence and scores of SBQ-R between patients with and without childhood abuse were statistically significant［ 13（9，16） vs. 5（4，6）， 10（7，12） vs. 4（3，5）， 5（2，8） vs. 3（1，4），（ 11.33±3.91） vs.（ 4.18±1.43）， all P＜ 0.01）］； The score of SBQ-R was positively correlated with the scores of emotional sensitivity， emotional intensity and emotional persistence（ r=0.714-0.917， all P＜0.01）. Regression analysis showed that emotional sensitivity， emotional intensity and emotional persistence were closely related to suicide risk（ β=0.107-0.650， all P＜0.01）. Childhood abuse moderated the relationship between emotional sensitivity（ β=0.097， P＜0.001）， emotional persistence（ β=0.068，P ＜ 0.05） and suicidal risk. Conclusions Patients who have higher level of emotion reactivity tend to have higher suicide risk. Childhood abuse may have moderating effect on the relationship between emotional sensitivity， emotional persistence， and suicidal risk.