Objective To explore the potential relationship between sleep and body chronic diseases， by analyzing the current situation of chronic diseases， lifestyle， and behavior of middle-aged people with different sleep characteristics in Hebei Province. Methods Stratified and cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the population aged 18 and above in Hebei Province from June 2018 to September 2018. A total of 5 733 residents were surveyed. Assessment tools include general situation questionnaire， past history of physical and psychiatric diseases， Athens Insomnia Scale questionnaire， Restless Legs Syndrome questionnaire， Sleep Apnea Berlin questionnaire， narcolepsy scale， etc. According to whether it is short sleep or insomnia， They were divided into four groups［ control group（ 4 343，75.8%）， simple short sleep group（ 526， 9.2%）， sleep disorders without short sleep group（ 365，6.4%） and insomnia with short sleep group（499，8.7%）］. The prevalence rate and risk factors of chronic diseases of these four groups were analyzed. Rusults There were significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension， diabetes and cerebrovascular disease among the four groups（ all P＜0.05）. The prevalence rate of chronic diseases were the lowest in the control group. While those in the simple short sleep group， sleep disorders without short sleep group and insomnia with short sleep group were statistically significant compared with the control group（ all P＜0.05）. There were significant differences in age， gender， body mass index（ BMI）， urban and rural residents， education level， occupation， salt intake habits， smoking， drinking and physical exercise among the four groups（ all P ＜ 0.05）； After adjusting for age， gender， BMI， urban and rural residents， living style， education level， occupation， salt intake habits， smoking， drinking and physical exercise， logistic regression analysis showed that sleep disorders without short sleep and insomnia with short sleep were the risk factors of hypertension［ OR（95%CI）： 2.074（ 1.606- 2.679）， 1.689（ 1.346-2.121）］ and diabetes［ OR（95%CI）： 2.273（ 1.508-3.426）， 1.805（ 1.244-2.621）］， all P＜ 0.01； Single short sleep， sleep disorders without short sleep， and insomnia with short sleep were risk factors of cerebrovascular disease［ OR（ 95%CI）： 1.826（ 1.203-2.770）， 2.149（ 1.389-3.324）， 1.613（ 1.068-2.434）， all P ＜ 0.05］. Conclusions The effects of short sleep and insomnia on body may be different. Insomnia is the risk factor of hypertension and diabetes， while short sleep and insomnia are the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease.