Objective To explore the influencing factors of medication compliance in patients with depression. Methods A total of 158 patients with depression admitted to the outpatient department of Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from November 2016 to October 2019 were recruited as the research subject. Telephone interviews were conducted at the end of the study（ the mean time is 1 year）. According to the total score of Medication Adherence Report Scale（ MARS）， the patients were divided into compliance group（ n=77， MARS total score ≥ 6） and noncompliance group（ n=31， MARS total score ＜ 6）. The differences in general demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups were analyzed and compared， to find out the influencing factors of patients' medication compliance. Results At last， 50 patients were lost to follow-up due to incomplete acute treatment and telephone change， and 108 patients entered the result analysis， of which 71.30% had good medication compliance. In the good medication compliance group， 33.77%（ 26/77） are male， 48.05%（ 33/77） are younger than or equal to 25 years old， 58.44%（ 45/77）are with bachelor degree， 23.38%（ 18/77） haved family history of mental illness. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender， age， education level， family history of mental illness， marriage， type of medical insurance， age of onset， first course of disease， total course of disease， and characteristics of course between the two groups（ P ＞ 0.05）， while the differences between the two groups in terms of the item 7（ work and interest）， item 10（ mental anxiety）， item 14（ sexual symptoms） in HAMD-17 scale were statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that item 10（ mental anxiety） and item14（ sexual symptoms） in HAMD-17 were the main influencing factors for medication compliance （OR=2.721， 95%CI：1.126-6.572； OR=3.560， 95%CI： 1.050-12.072）. Conclusions This study showed that anxiety symptoms and sexual dysfunction may be important factors affecting medication compliance. In the process of clinical practice， targeted and timely guidance and adjustment of treatment should be given， so as to further improve medication compliance of patients with depression.