Objective To explore the effects of left prefrontal dorsolateral cortex( L-DLPFC) transcranial magnetic stimulation( rTMS) with intermittent theta burst stimulation( iTBS) paradigm and traditional rTMS on the negative symptoms and cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 80 cases were selected from 1 183 schizophrenics of Harbin Baiyupao Psychiatric Hospital from September 2018 to March 2020 as objects of study. The 80 schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into iTBS group( 40 cases) and rTMS group( 40 cases) by random number table. Patients in the iTBS group was given a combination of iTBS and drug therapy, while patients in the rTMS group received a combination of rTMS and drug therapy. The L-DLPFC stimulation was selected as the stimulation site,5 times per week,for 4 weeks of treatment, a total of 20 times. Before and after treatment, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale( PANSS) was used to assess negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test( WCST) was applied to evaluate the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia. Results After the treatment, PANSS the negative scale score [iTBS:( 29.81±4.02) vs( 26.22±3.88),t=10.540; rTMS:( 30.91±5.53) vs( 27.35±4.99), t=9.786], total score[ iTBS:( 78.14±7.59) vs( 73.65±5.43), t=6.219; rTMS:( 78.88±10.00) vs( 75.21±9.14), t=9.297], lack of response score[ iTBS:( 15.70±1.71) vs( 14.76±1.75), t=3.641; rTMS:( 15.56±2.44) vs( 14.12±2.03), t=7.792], thinking disorder score[ iTBS:( 7.68±1.53) vs( 7.32±1.18), t=2.837; rTMS:( 7.85±1.84) vs (7.21±1.72), t=4.875] and WCST scores of RF[ iTBS: 128.00( 50.50, 128.00) vs 106.00( 42.00, 128.00), Z=-4.92;rTMS: 128.00( 98.25, 128) vs 106.50( 36.75, 128.00),Z=-4.86], NRPE[ iTBS: 87.00( 62.50, 95.00) vs 74.00( 42.00, 91.00), Z=-4.55; rTMS: 89.50( 80.75, 96.50) vs 68.00( 53.00, 82.75),Z=-4.33] in iTBS group and rTMS group were significantly lower than those before the treatment( P<0.05). WCST scores of RC[ iTBS: 40.00( 33.50, 57.50) vs 59.00( 53.50, 79.50), Z=-4.92; rTMS: 39.50( 32.75, 46.00) vs 58.00 (46.79, 75.50), t=-4.86] and RFP[ iTBS: 0.09( 0.05, 0.23) vs 0.18( 0.14, 0.34), Z=-5.30; rTMS: 0.08( 0.05, 0.16) vs 0.19( 0.15, 0.24), Z=-5.09] were significantly higher than those before the treatment( P<0.05). After treatment, there were no statistical differences in scores or score difference of PANSS and WCST between iTBS group and rTMS group( P > 0.05). Conclusions When the total number of stimuli is fixed, both iTBS and rTMS can improve the negative symptoms and cognitive function of schizophrenia, and the therapeutic effect is equivalent, but the time of iTBS paradigm is less.