Objective To study the correlation between self-esteem and social self-esteem of the caregivers of patients with violent schizophrenia. Methods From January 2014 to December 2016， a total of 966 guardians of schizophrenics in Chongqing Mental Health Center were included， of which 487 violent schizophrenics guardians were assigned to the study group， 479 non violent schizophrenia guardians were assigned to the control group. All the subjects were evaluated by self-esteem scale（ SES） and Texas Social Behavior Inventory（ TSBI）. Results The total score of SES in the study group（ 22.48±4.07） was significantly higher than that in the control group（ 21.48±4.13）， and the difference was statistically significant（ t=3.787， P ＜ 0.05）. The total score of TSBI in the study group（ 45.01±5.72） was lower than that in the control group （46.02±6.14）， and the difference was statistically significant（ t=2.649， P ＜ 0.05）. Pearson analysis showed that SES score was positively correlated with TSBI score（ r=0.125， P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusions The guardians of violent schizophrenics had higher self-esteem and lower social self-esteem than the guardians of non violent schizophrenics. Guardian self-esteem is positively correlated with social self-esteem.