Schizophrenia was a kind of severe psychiatry disorder. At present， the clinical treatment of positive symptoms has a good effect， but the treatment of negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms has little effect. Substantial evidence from basic and clinical research suggests that aerobic exercise significantly improved cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore， this paper elaborates on the potential mechanism of aerobic exercise to improve cognitive function， in order to provide reference for in-depth research and intervention of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia in the future.