The discovery of the meningeal lymphatic system has updated our traditional understanding of lymphatic drainage and immune response in the central nervous system （CNS）. This article reviews the latest research progress in the anatomy， growth， aging and physiological functions of the meningeal lymphatic system， as well as its mechanism of action in Alzheimer disease （AD）， Parkinson disease （PD）， multiple sclerosis （MS）， CNS infectious diseases and other neurological diseases. This provides a theoretical basis to further understand the role and mechanism of the meningeal lymphatic system in these diseases， and to develop treatment methods that target the meningeal lymphatic system.