Within minutes following a traumatic brain injury， a pronounced inflammatory response occurs in the affected brain. The post-traumatic inflammatory response encompasses the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines， regulation of neurotrophic factors， cellular migration， and phagocytosis. The neuroinflammatory process is implicated in the occurrence of secondary brain injury while also facilitating neurorepair. Various cytokines play a role in the inflammatory response after craniocerebral trauma and exhibit a significant correlation with the severity of the injury and the prognosis. This review analyzes the mechanisms and expression of different inflammatory factors following traumatic brain injury， as well as their utility as biomarkers for prognosis and treatment. The findings aim to identify suitable cytokine targets for inflammatory-targeted therapies to improve the outcomes for patients with traumatic brain injuries.