Cognitive impairment is a varying degree of impairment of cognitive functioning from a variety of causes， and it is strongly associated with the occurrence of dysphagia. Dysphagia can occur in any one or more stages of the mouth， pharynx， or esophagus. Dysphagia presenting in cognitively impaired patients often goes unnoticed， leading to lung infections， malnutrition， dehydration， and reduced quality of life， resulting in increased morbidity and mortality and prolonged hospital stay. Swallowing function can be assessed in multiple dimensions， and early recognition of dysphagia and timely prevention and treatment can improve patients' quality of life. This article reviews studies related to cognitive impairment and dysphagia with the aim of increasing awareness and attention among healthcare professionals so that early interventions can be implemented to delay and prevent the onset of adverse disease outcomes and improve the quality of life of patients with cognitive impairment.