The etiology and pathogenesis of depressive disorder are complex， and different patients respond differently to treatment. Treatment outcomes for patients with depressive episodes associated with specific psychological stress are generally suboptimal， and the causes and mechanisms for this are still unclear. The research in neuroimmunology and inflammatory factors provides new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with depressive episodes associated with specific psychological stress. This paper summarizes the association between psychological stress， depressive disorder and inflammatory factors with the aim of revealing the potential pathogenesis of depressive episodes associated with specific psychological stress.