Glioma is a malignant brain tumor originating from glial cells， characterized by high invasiveness， difficulty in complete surgical resection， and high resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Currently， immunotherapy has become one of the hot topics in glioma research. Monoclonal antibodies block tumor cell proliferation signaling pathways by binding to cell surface antigen-antibody， such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell（ CAR-T） therapy has also demonstrated potential in treating gliomas， but its clinical efficacy remains to be improved due to challenges such as antigen heterogeneity and immune escape. In addition， multiple ongoing clinical trials are exploring novel therapeutic strategies， such as combining oncolytic viruses， vaccine therapies， and gene editing technologies to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. This paper summarizes the principles and clinical trials of immunotherapy approaches for glioma and proposes potential directions for future research to inform clinical treatment strategies