Objective To explore the relationship between the brain biochemical metabolism of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex（ vmPFC） and childhood trauma in pediatric bipolar disorder using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy（ 1H-MRS）. Methods From March to September 2023， 43 children and adolescent patients with bipolar disorder who were either outpatient or inpatient at the Department of Clinical Psychology of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected as study subjects. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire（ CTQ） was used to assess the childhood trauma in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder， subsequently dividing patients into a trauma group（ n=20） and a non-trauma group（ n=23）. Using 1H-MRS， the ratios of the vmPFC neurometabolites N-acetyl-aspartate（ NAA）/creatinine（ Cr）， myo-inositol（ mI）/Cr， and choline（ Cho）/Cr were compared between the two groups of patients. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of age， gender， only-child status， place of residence， years of education， age at onset， disease duration， or family history（ all P ＞ 0.05）. The NAA/ Cr value in trauma group was（ 1.49±0.17）， which was statistically lower than that in non-trauma group ［（1.67±0.10）］（ t=4.397，P ＜ 0.001）. There was no statistically significant difference in Cho/Cr and mI/Cr values between the two groups of patients（ both P＞0.05）. Conclusions Compared to patients without trauma， those with trauma may exhibit lower levels of NAA in the vmPFC.