Sleep disorders are a critical public health issue， and their association with quality of life is receiving increasing attention. Research suggests that diet is one of the factors affecting sleep， and adjusting diet to improve sleep quality is a relatively simple， feasible， and widely accepted intervention strategy. This paper summarizes and analyzes existing research and explores the regulatory effects of the three major nutrients and typical dietary patterns on sleep quality， duration， and structure. Research has found that a high-carbohydrate diet may be associated with increased rapid eye movement sleep， while dietary fiber helps prolong slow-wave sleep time； the Mediterranean diet rich in fruits and vegetables improves sleep quality through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects； the ketogenic diet shows potential for stabilizing sleep in specific populations. Future research should consider the bidirectional effects between sleep and diet， focusing on differences in their mutual influence among different populations， and observing the impact of dietary patterns on sleep in natural conditions through cohort studies.