Central nervous system tumors are characterized by high invasiveness， complex anatomical locations， and limitations in traditional treatment methods， resulting in low patient survival rates and a high likelihood of functional impairment. This underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. Cancerassociated fibroblasts（ CAFs）， as a key component of the tumor microenvironment， influence tumor initiation and progression through multiple mechanisms. This paper reviews the biological characteristics of CAFs， focusing on their mechanisms of action in central nervous system tumors， including enhancing tumor cell invasiveness and stemness， promoting angiogenesis， inducing immunosuppressive microenvironment， and enhancing ferroptosis resistance. At the same time， potential therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs and their pathways based on the above mechanisms are explored， aiming to provide new directions for overcoming the treatment bottleneck of central nervous system tumors.